Golongan-golongan antibiotik dan cara kerjanya

Antibiotic groups
Antibiotic groups	Mode of action	examples
Aminoglycosides	Irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to reseptors on the 30S subunits of bacterial ribosome	Amikacin, Gentanicin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Netilmicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin
Carbacephem	Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing osmotic lysis	Loracerbef
Carbapenems	Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing osmotic lysis; resistant to β-lactamase & has a wide spectrum of activity	Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem
Cephalosporin	Bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of bacteria; inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis & activate bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes	Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefamandole, Cefapirin, Cefazolin, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefepim, Cefetamet pivoxil, Cefixime, Cefmenoxime, Cefminox, Cefodizime, Cefonicid, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Cefotetan, Cefotiam, cefoxitin, Cefpirome, Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil, Cefradine, Cefsulodin, Ceftazidime, Ceftezole, Ceftibuten, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime
Chloramphenicol	Bind reversibly to a reseptor site on the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome	Chloramphenicol
Glycopeptide	Prevent further elongation & cros-linking of bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis; active against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococci	Vancomycin, Teicoplanin
Colycylcycline	Bind reversibly to receptors on the 30S subunit  of bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis	Tigecycline
Lincosamide	Inhibit protein synthesis by interfering w/ initiation complexes & translocation reactions on the bacterial 50S subunit	Clindamycin, Lincomycin
Ketolides	Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversible binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Telithromycin
Macrolide	Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversible binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Dirithromycin, Erythromycin, Midecamycin, Roxithromycin, Spiramycin, Troleandromycin
Monobactam	Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing osmotic lysis; resistant to β-lactamases & active against gram-negative rods	Aztreonam
Nitroflurantoin	Block aerobic energy production & synthesis of protein, DNA, RNA, & cell walls	Nitrofluratoin
Oxazolidinones	Cause faulty bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Linezolid
Penicillins	Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan causing osmotic lysis	Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Bacampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methicillin, Mezlocillin, Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
Penicillins w/ β-lactamase inhibitors	Bind to Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) of bacteria; inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis & activate bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes	Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Ampicillin + Sulbactam, Ticarcillin + Clavulanate, Piperacillin +Tazobactam
Polymixins	Alter cytoplasmic membrane causing cellular leakage	Polymyxin B
Quinolones	Inhibit topoisomerases that are essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription; inhibit DNA gyrase	Cyprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Moxifloxacin,Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pazufloxacin, Rufloxacin, Trovafloxacin
Streptogramins	Cause faulty bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Quinupristin + Dalfopristin
Sulphonamides	Competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis by acting as structural analogue of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)	Sulfisoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamethizole, Sulfasalazine
Tetracyclines	Bind reversibly to receptors on the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis	Chlortetracycline, Demeclocycline, Doxycycline, Lymecycline, Minocycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline
Trimethoprim	Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase of bacteria & blocks metabolic sequences in DNA synthesis	Trimethoprim
Tyrocidin	Alter cytoplasmic membrane causing cellular leakage	Tyrocidine, Gramicidin